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2026年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS二級(jí)）全真模擬試題及答案四
1). (共用選項(xiàng))1.The nephrotic syndrome refers to a set of symptoms related to kidney dysfunction.It is a disorder characterized by loss of proteins in the urine.It can be the first sign of various diseases that damage the kidneys， especially tiny blood-filtering units (glomeruli腎小球)in the kidneys， where urine is formed.This causes fall in the .protein levels in the blood，and water to move into body tissues， causing swelling and bloating of body.In children it is more frequently encountered between 2-5 years of age;2.Urolithiasis (尿石病) can cause urinary tract obstruction because the development of stones.Stones may develop and cause obstruction at any point within the urinary tract.The incidence of urinary stone disease is the highest in the South of Changjiang River.The majority of clients are between 20 and 55 years of age.The major clinical manifestation of stone is severe pain.The part of pain suggests the localization of the stone in the kidney or upper ureter;3.Chronic renal failure (CRF) involves progressive， irreversible destruction of the nephrons (腎單位) in both kidneys.It is a gradual and progressive loss of the ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes， concentrate urine， and conserve electrolytes.It can range from mild dysfunction to severe kidney failure.Although there are many different causes of chronic renal failure， the end result is a systemic disease involving every body，organ.Progression may continue to end-stage renal disease;4.Bladder cancer is the most frequent neoplasm (贅生物) of the urinary tract.It accounts for approximately 3 percent of all deaths because of cancer.The male-female ratio for bladder cancer is about 4：1.This cancer is now the fifth most common cancer in women.The major risk factor for bladder cancer is exposed to cigarette smoke， through either smoking or second-hand smoke;5.Uremia (尿毒癥) is a clinical syndrome associated with fluid， electrolyte， and hormone imbalances， which develop with deterioration of renal function.A number of toxins and other middle molecules are thought to contribute to the clinical syndrome.Classical signs of uremia are： progressive weakness and easy fatigue， loss of appetite due to nausea and vomiting， abnormal mental function and so on.Dialysis therapy is one of the effective treatments of this disease;6.A urinary tract infection (尿路感染) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.When it affects the lower urinary tract， it is known as a bladder infection and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as kidney infection.Symptoms from a lower urinary tract include pain with urination， frequent urination， and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder.Symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTIIts signs include progressive weakness and easy fatigue.( )

正確答案：E
2). Medical Record Review■A detailed， current medical record can be an invaluable asset for patient evaluation.The patient’s“old”medical records should be thoroughly reviewed at the time of admission to develop a “framework”for the( )…………medical history and history of present illness.Often this information is vital in understanding the patient’s immediate condition.■Detailed daily progress notes recorded in the patient’s medical record are valuable for patient assessment.Such a record is helpful for( )…………attending physicians and：nurses as it enables them to ascertain the patient’s progress.When writing progress notes，it’s helpful to follow the SOAP format.■S=subjective.This section usually includes a description of patient complaints and ( )…………These should be recorded in the patient’s own words.O=objective.This section records the patient’s physical exam findings including vital signs as well as ( )…………recent X-ray， lab and( )…………data.Avoid the notation“vital signs are stable”.A blood pressure of 100/60 in a patient with a history of hypertension may represent relative“( )…………”with signifcant hemodynamie (血流動(dòng)力學(xué))consequences.A-assessment.This section is often the most ( )…………in the progress note.However， it is perhaps the most important as decisions regarding selection of diagnostic test and treatment plans are based upon the assessment.P=plan.In this section is recorded the treatment plan including ( )…………length of treatment， and discharge plans.■When a patient is re-admitted， the old chart should be immediately obtained from the medical records department， even while the patient is still in the ER.Often the clue to the patient’s current diagnosis may be related to prior illnesses recorded in the old chart.Each physician or consultant involved in the patient’s care must review the old chart taking special note of the( )…………summary.The prior medical record is also valuable for( )…………of current data with previous data.( )
A.comparison
B.prevalent
C.discharge
D.defense
E.biopsy
F.current
G.consultants
H.hypotension
I.estimated
J.symptoms
A.neglected
A.pertinent

正確答案：I