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2026年全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)水平考試（METS二級(jí)）全真模擬試題及答案三
1). (共用選項(xiàng))1.The nephrotic syndrome refers to a set of symptoms related to kidney dysfunction.It is a disorder characterized by loss of proteins in the urine.It can be the first sign of various diseases that damage the kidneys， especially tiny blood-filtering units (glomeruli腎小球)in the kidneys， where urine is formed.This causes fall in the .protein levels in the blood，and water to move into body tissues， causing swelling and bloating of body.In children it is more frequently encountered between 2-5 years of age;2.Urolithiasis (尿石病) can cause urinary tract obstruction because the development of stones.Stones may develop and cause obstruction at any point within the urinary tract.The incidence of urinary stone disease is the highest in the South of Changjiang River.The majority of clients are between 20 and 55 years of age.The major clinical manifestation of stone is severe pain.The part of pain suggests the localization of the stone in the kidney or upper ureter;3.Chronic renal failure (CRF) involves progressive， irreversible destruction of the nephrons (腎單位) in both kidneys.It is a gradual and progressive loss of the ability of the kidneys to excrete wastes， concentrate urine， and conserve electrolytes.It can range from mild dysfunction to severe kidney failure.Although there are many different causes of chronic renal failure， the end result is a systemic disease involving every body，organ.Progression may continue to end-stage renal disease;4.Bladder cancer is the most frequent neoplasm (贅生物) of the urinary tract.It accounts for approximately 3 percent of all deaths because of cancer.The male-female ratio for bladder cancer is about 4：1.This cancer is now the fifth most common cancer in women.The major risk factor for bladder cancer is exposed to cigarette smoke， through either smoking or second-hand smoke;5.Uremia (尿毒癥) is a clinical syndrome associated with fluid， electrolyte， and hormone imbalances， which develop with deterioration of renal function.A number of toxins and other middle molecules are thought to contribute to the clinical syndrome.Classical signs of uremia are： progressive weakness and easy fatigue， loss of appetite due to nausea and vomiting， abnormal mental function and so on.Dialysis therapy is one of the effective treatments of this disease;6.A urinary tract infection (尿路感染) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.When it affects the lower urinary tract， it is known as a bladder infection and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as kidney infection.Symptoms from a lower urinary tract include pain with urination， frequent urination， and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder.Symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTIThe highest incidence is in the South of Changjiang River.( )

正確答案：B
2). Blood Circulation■Blood circulation may be( )…………as the circular movement of blood around the body.This is accomplished within the vascular system， which is composed of the three basic( )…………the blood， the heart and a series of closed tubes known( )…………as blood vessels.■Blood vessels are of three kinds， arteries， capillaries and veins.Arteries are tubes carrying blood away from the heart.Veins， on the other hand， are tubes carrying blood back to the heart.Arteries and veins are connected by the( )…………tube known as capillaries.■The circulation is mainly brought about by the pumping action of a hollow，muscular organ， the heart.Its( )…………is to pump blood to all parts of the body.■Briefly， this is what happens as blood circulates.Part of the blood in the heart has just received a fAesh store of oxygen from the lungs.This blood is( )…………the largest artry， the aorta.From the artery it passes into the apillaries.Here the blood gives off oxygen and food materials， which have been( )…………from the small intestine and liver to the tssues.Waste products， jincluding the gas， carbon dioxide， are received.It is returned to the heart by way of two large veins.■The blood is then pumped from the heart through the large pulmonary artery to the lungs.In the lungs carbon dioxide is discharged and oxygen is reeved.The oxygen( )…………blood is then returned to the heart through the pulmonary veins and another cycle begins.■There are two major circulation systems in the body.In the greater， or systemic circulation， blood is ( )…………from the heart to every part of the body and back to the heart.In the lesser， or pulmonary， circulation， blood travels from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs back to the heart.There are also ( )…………minor systems， such as the hepatic circulation through the liver， and the cerebral circulation through the brain.( )
A.collectively
B.expel
C.various
D.pumped
E.components
F.absorbed
G.laden
H.tiniest
I.function
J.transported
A.defined
A.fusion

正確答案：C